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Data from Part IV - The Life and Teachings of Jesus

 

 
Occident Civilization in the Times of Jesus
Threefold Unifying and Co-ordinating Influence
1 The Roman political and social systems.
2 The Grecian language and culture--and philosophy to a certain extent.
3 The rapidly spreading influence of Jewish religious and moral teachings.

"Nothing like the civilization of the times of Jesus has been seen in the Occident before or since those days."

Reference
Paper 121
 The Times of Michael's Bestowal
Section
The Occident of the First Century After Christ

 

Contents  

 

First Century Mediterranean Society

 Five Strata

1

The aristocracy

The upper classes with money and official power, the privileged and ruling groups.

2

The business groups

The merchant princes and the bankers, the traders--the big importers and exporters--the international merchants.

3

The small middle class

Although this group was indeed small, it was very influential and provided the moral backbone of the early Christian church, which encouraged these groups to continue in their various crafts and trades. Among the Jews many of the Pharisees belonged to this class of tradesmen.

4

The free proletariat

This group had little or no social standing. Though proud of their freedom, they were placed at great disadvantage because they were forced to compete with slave labor. The upper classes regarded them disdainfully, allowing that they were useless except for "breeding purposes."

5

The slaves

Half the population of the Roman state were slaves; many were superior individuals and quickly made their way up among the free proletariat and even among the tradesmen. The majority were either mediocre or very inferior.

 
Reference
Paper 121
 The Times of Michael's Bestowal
Section 3 
Among the Gentiles

 

Contents 

 

Four Great Gentile Philosophies

  First Century Schools of Philosophy

1

The Epicurean This school of thought was dedicated to the pursuit of happiness. The better Epicureans were not given to sensual excesses. At least this doctrine helped to deliver the Romans from a more deadly form of fatalism; it taught that men could do something to improve their terrestrial status. It did effectually combat ignorant superstition.

2

The Stoic Stoicism was the superior philosophy of the better classes. The Stoics believed that a controlling Reason-Fate dominated all nature. They taught that the soul of man was divine; that it was imprisoned in the evil body of physical nature. Man's soul achieved liberty by living in harmony with nature, with God; thus virtue came to be its own reward. Stoicism ascended to a sublime morality, ideals never since transcended by any purely human system of philosophy. While the Stoics professed to be the "offspring of God," they failed to know him and therefore failed to find him. Stoicism remained a philosophy; it never became a religion. Its followers sought to attune their minds to the harmony of the Universal Mind, but they failed to envisage themselves as the children of a loving Father. Paul leaned heavily toward Stoicism when he wrote, "I have learned in whatsoever state I am, therewith to be content."

3

The Cynic Although the Cynics traced their philosophy to Diogenes of Athens, they derived much of their doctrine from the remnants of the teachings of Machiventa Melchizedek. Cynicism had formerly been more of a religion than a philosophy. At least the Cynics made their religio-philosophy democratic. In the fields and in the market places they continually preached their doctrine that "man could save himself if he would." They preached simplicity and virtue and urged men to meet death fearlessly. These wandering Cynic preachers did much to prepare the spiritually hungry populace for the later Christian missionaries. Their plan of popular preaching was much after the pattern, and in accordance with the style, of Paul's Epistles.

4

The Skeptic Skepticism asserted that knowledge was fallacious, and that conviction and assurance were impossible. It was a purely negative attitude and never became widespread.


"The gentile world was then dominated by
four great philosophies, all more or less derived from the earlier Platonism of the Greeks."

Reference
Paper 121
 The Times of Michael's Bestowal
Section 4  Gentile Philosophy

 

Contents 

 

First Century Gentile Religions

 Religions of the Occident

1

The pagan cults

These were a combination of Hellenic and Latin mythology, patriotism, and tradition.

2

Emperor worship

This deification of man as the symbol of the state was very seriously resented by the Jews and the early Christians and led directly to the bitter persecutions of both churches by the Roman government.

3

Astrology

This pseudo science of Babylon developed into a religion throughout the Greco-Roman Empire. Even in the twentieth century man has not been fully delivered from this superstitious belief.

4

The mystery religions

Upon such a spiritually hungry world a flood of mystery cults had broken, new and strange religions from the Levant, which had enamored the common people and had promised them individual salvation. These religions rapidly became the accepted belief of the lower classes of the Greco-Roman world. And they did much to prepare the way for the rapid spread of the vastly superior Christian teachings, which presented a majestic concept of Deity, associated with an intriguing theology for the intelligent and a profound proffer of salvation for all, including the ignorant but spiritually hungry average man of those days.

 

Reference
Paper 121
 The Times of Michael's Bestowal
Section 5  
The Gentile Religions

 

Contents 

 

Jewish Program for Child Rearing and Education

 Seven Stages of a Child's Life

1

The newborn child, the first to the eighth day.

2

The suckling child.

3

The weaned child.

4

The period of dependence on the mother, lasting up to the end of the fifth year.

5

The beginning independence of the child and, with sons, the father assuming responsibility for their education. [1]

6

The adolescent youths and maidens.

7

The young men and the young women.

[1] 
"...on August 21, 2 B.C., Mary formally turned [Jesus] over to Joseph for further instruction."

Reference
Paper 123  The Early Childhood of Jesus

Section 2  The Fifth Year (2 B.C.)

 

Contents 

 

Young Jesus at the Temple
 Five Questions Asked by Jesus
1 What really exists in the holy of holies, behind the veil?
2 Why should mothers in Israel be segregated from the male temple worshipers?
3 If God is a father who loves his children, why all this slaughter of animals to gain divine favor - has the teaching of Moses been misunderstood?
4 Since the temple is dedicated to the worship of the Father in heaven, is it consistent to permit the presence of those who engage in secular barter and trade?
5 Is the expected Messiah to become a temporal prince to sit on the throne of David, or is he to function as the light of life in the establishment of a spiritual kingdom?

"And all the day through, those who listened marveled at these questions, and none was more astonished than Simon. For more than four hours this Nazareth youth plied these Jewish teachers with thought-provoking and heart-searching questions."

Reference
Paper 125  Jesus at Jerusalem

Section 5  
The Third Day in the Temple

 

Contents 

 

Michael's Bestowal on Urantia
 Twofold Purpose
1 The mastering of the experience of living the full life of a human creature in mortal flesh, the completion of his sovereignty in Nebadon.
2 The revelation of the Universal Father to the mortal dwellers on the worlds of time and space and the more effective leading of these same mortals to a better understanding of the Universal Father.
 
Reference
Paper 128  Jesus' Early Manhood  Intro

 

Contents 

 

Methods of Amassing Material Wealth
 Ten Grand Divisions
1 Inherited wealth riches derived from parents and other ancestors.
2 Discovered wealth riches derived from the uncultivated resources of mother earth.
3 Trade wealth riches obtained as a fair profit in the exchange and barter of material goods.
4 Unfair wealth riches derived from the unfair exploitation or the enslavement of one's fellows.
5 Interest wealth income derived from the fair and just earning possibilities of invested capital.
6 Genius wealth riches accruing from the rewards of the creative and inventive endowments of the human mind
7 Accidental wealth riches derived from the generosity of one's fellows or taking origin in the circumstances of life.
8 Stolen wealth riches secured by unfairness, dishonesty, theft, or fraud.
9 Trust funds wealth lodged in your hands by your fellows for some specific use, now or in the future.
10 Earned wealth riches derived directly from your own personal labor, the fair and just reward of your own daily efforts of mind and body.
     
  Jesus advised a seeker of wisdom and lover of truth,

"And so, my friend, if you would be a faithful and just steward of your large fortune, before God and in service to men, you must approximately divide your wealth into these ten grand divisions, and then proceed to administer each portion in accordance with the wise and honest interpretation of the laws of justice, equity, fairness, and true efficiency; albeit, the God of heaven would not condemn you if sometimes you erred, in doubtful situations, on the side of merciful and unselfish regard for the distress of the suffering victims of the unfortunate circumstances of mortal life. When in honest doubt about the equity and justice of material situations, let your decisions favor those who are in need, favor those who suffer the misfortune of undeserved hardships."

Reference
Paper 132  The Sojourn at Rome

Section 5  
Counseling the Rich Man

 

Contents 

 

Two Ways of World Ministry for Jesus
 Modes of Conduct
1 His own way the way that might seem most pleasant and profitable from the standpoint of the immediate needs of this world and the present edification of his own universe.
2 The Father's way the exemplification of a farseeing ideal of creature life visualized by the high personalities of the Paradise administration of the universe of universes.


"On the third day of this isolation Jesus promised himself he would go back to the world to finish his earth career, and that in a situation involving any two ways he would always choose the Father's will."

Reference
Paper 136  Baptism and the Forty Days  
Section 4  Plans for Public Work

 

The Twelve Apostles

Part Four Timeline

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